Today in class we took notes on the study guide. The Punic Wars were three wars fought between Carthage and Rome. Hannibal was a Carthaginian leader who almost conquered Rome by attacking from the north on elephants. Rome still won all three wars. After the wars, 50,000 Carthagians were sold into slavery to Roman aristocrats. By the end of the century there were over a million slaves in Italy (50,000 Carthagians, 150,000 Greek prisoners of war). Small farmers lost their farms to aristocrats. The big farms became estates called Latifundas. Rome distracted the poor plebians with free bread and free barbaric entertainment, such as colossuems and circus'. Caesar served as consul and the elected himself dictator for life. Formed a triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus. Pompey became Caesar's rival. Caesar was assasinated for being too ambitous and his nephew, Octavian, took over. The second triumvirate was Octavian, Lepidus and Mark Antony. Lepidus was forced to retire and Mark Antony became Caesar's rival.
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